ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Kannada
The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.
Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.
You can see standardized translations of key terms in Kannada below.
| English | Kannada | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accommodation (as a result of civil resistance) | ವಸತಿ | |
| 2 | Accommodate (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 3 | Accountability | ಬದ್ಧತೆ | |
| 4 | Activist | ಕಾರ್ಯಕರ್ತ | |
| 5 | Adversary | ||
| 6 | Agency (human agency) | ಸಂಘಟನೆ | |
| 7 | Agent provocateur | ||
| 8 | Ally (verb) | ||
| 9 | Ally (noun) | ||
| 10 | Alternative institutions | ಪರ್ಯಾಯ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗಳು | |
| 11 | Authoritarian rule | ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರದ ನಿಯಮ | |
| 12 | Authority | ಪ್ರಾಧಿಕಾರ | |
| 13 | Backlash | ಹಿಂಬಡಿತ | |
| 14 | Backfire (verb) | ಹಿನ್ನಡೆ | |
| 15 | Backfire (noun) | ||
| 16 | Banners | ಬ್ಯಾನರ್‌ಗಳು | |
| 17 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | ತಡೆ | |
| 18 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 19 | Boycott (noun) | ಬಹಿಷ್ಕರಿಸು | |
| 20 | Boycott (verb) | ||
| 21 | Campaign (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | ಪ್ರಚಾರಾಭಿಯಾನಗಳು | |
| 22 | Campaign (verb) | ||
| 23 | Capacity | ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ | |
| 24 | Civil disobedience | ನಾಗರಿಕ ಬಂಡಾಯ | |
| 25 | Civil resistance | ನಾಗರಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ | |
| 26 | Civil society | ನಾಗರಿಕ ಸಮಾಜ | |
| 27 | Civilian-based defense | ||
| 28 | Coalition | ||
| 29 | Commission, tactic(s) or act(s) of | ||
| 30 | Concentration, tactic(s) of | ||
| 31 | Conditions | ||
| 32 | Consent (political) (noun) | ||
| 33 | Consent (political) (verb) | ||
| 34 | Conflict (noun) | ||
| 35 | Constructive programme (or “constructive program”) | ||
| 36 | Conversion | ||
| 37 | Coup d’etat (or “coup”) | ಬಂಡಾಯ | |
| 38 | Crackdown (noun) | ದಾಳಿ | |
| 39 | Crackdown (verb) | ||
| 40 | Defect (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 41 | Defection | ಛೇದ | |
| 42 | Demonstration | ||
| 43 | Dictatorship | ಸರ್ವಾಧಿಕಾರ | |
| 44 | Dilemma action | ||
| 45 | Direct action | ||
| 46 | Disintegration (associated with civil resistance) | ವಿಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಣ | |
| 47 | Dispersion, tactics of | ||
| 48 | Disrupt | ||
| 49 | Dissent (noun) | ||
| 50 | Dissident | ಭಿನ್ನಾಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ | |
| 51 | Disruption | ಅಡ್ಡಿ | |
| 52 | Dynamics (of civil resistance) | ಆಯಾಮಗಳು (ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ) | |
| 53 | Empower | ||
| 54 | Empowerment | ||
| 55 | Escalate (in conflict) (verb) | ||
| 56 | Escalation (in conflict) (noun) | ||
| 57 | External actor | ||
| 58 | External support | ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಬೆಂಬಲ | |
| 59 | Failure (associated with civil resistance) | ವೈಫಲ್ಯ | |
| 60 | Frame (communication) (verb) | ||
| 61 | Frame (communication) (noun) | ||
| 62 | Freedom (political) | ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ (ರಾಜಕೀಯ) | |
| 63 | Freedom of Assembly | ||
| 64 | Freedom of Association | ||
| 65 | Freedom of Speech (or freedom of expression) | ವಾಕ್‌ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ | |
| 66 | Goal | ||
| 67 | Grassroots (adjective) | ನೆಲಮಟ್ಟ | |
| 68 | Grassroots (noun) | ||
| 69 | Grand strategy | ದೊಡ್ಡ ಕಾರ್ಯತಂತ್ರ | |
| 70 | Grievances | ಕುಂದು ಕೊರತೆಗಳು | |
| 71 | Human rights defender (HRD) | ||
| 72 | Leadership | ||
| 73 | Legitimacy | ಕಾನೂನು ಬದ್ಧತೆ | |
| 74 | Loyalty shift | ||
| 75 | Mass demonstration | ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ನಾಶ | |
| 76 | Mechanisms of change | ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆ | |
| 77 | Methods of nonviolent action | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಯ ವಿಧಾನಗಳು | |
| 78 | Marches | ಮೆರವಣಿಗೆಗಳು | |
| 79 | Mobilization | ||
| 80 | Mobilizing | ಒಗ್ಗೂಡಿಸುವುದು | |
| 81 | Movement | ಚಳವಳಿ | |
| 82 | Non-state actor | ||
| 83 | Nonviolent (or non-violent) | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ | |
| 84 | Noncooperation | ಅಸಹಕಾರ | |
| 85 | Nonviolent action | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ | |
| 86 | Nonviolent coercion | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ದಬ್ಬಾಳಿಕೆ | |
| 87 | Nonviolent conflict | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಂಘರ್ಷ | |
| 88 | Nonviolent direct action | ||
| 89 | Nonviolent discipline | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಶಿಸ್ತು | |
| 90 | Nonviolence (religious, ethical, etc.) | ಅಹಿಂಸೆ (ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ, ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ೦ | |
| 91 | Nonviolent intervention | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಮಧ್ಯಪ್ರವೇಶ | |
| 92 | Nonviolent struggle | ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಹೋರಾಟ | |
| 93 | Obedience | ವಿಧೇಯ | |
| 94 | Obey | ||
| 95 | Objective (noun) | ||
| 96 | Omission, act(s) or tactic(s) of | ||
| 97 | Opponents | ವಿರೋಧಿಗಳು | |
| 98 | Opposition groups | ವಿರೋಧಿ ಸಮೂಹ | |
| 99 | Organizer | ಆಯೋಜಕರು | |
| 100 | Parallel institution | ಸಮಾಂತರ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ | |
| 101 | People of support | ||
| 102 | Pillars of support | ಬೆಂಬಲದ ಸ್ತಂಭಗಳು | |
| 103 | Plan (noun) | ||
| 104 | Plan (verb) | ||
| 105 | Political defiance | ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ | |
| 106 | Political ju-jitsu | ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಜು ಜಿಟ್ಸು | |
| 107 | Political noncooperation | ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಅಸಹಕಾರ | |
| 108 | Political power | ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಶಕ್ತಿ | |
| 109 | People power | ಜನ ಶಕ್ತಿ | |
| 110 | Power | ||
| 111 | Power holder | ||
| 112 | Planning | ಯೋಜನೆ | |
| 113 | Pragmatic non violence | ಲೌಕಿಕ | |
| 114 | Protest (Noun) | ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆ | |
| 115 | Protest (verb) | ||
| 116 | Rally (noun) | ||
| 117 | Resistance movement | ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ ಚಳವಳಿ | |
| 118 | Repress | ||
| 119 | Repression | ದಮನ | |
| 120 | Resilience | ವಿರೋಧ | |
| 121 | Revolution (social, political, or economic) | ||
| 122 | Sanctions | ಮಂಜೂರಾತಿ | |
| 123 | Self-determination | ||
| 124 | Self-organize | ||
| 125 | Self-organization | ಸ್ವಯಂ ಸಂಘಟನೆ | |
| 126 | Self-reliance | ಸ್ವಾವಲಂಬನೆ | |
| 127 | Skills (in civil resistance context) | ಕೌಶಲ್ಯಗಳು | |
| 128 | Sources of power | ಅಧಿಕಾರದ ಮೂಲಗಳು | |
| 129 | Strategic nonviolent struggle | ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಅಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಹೋರಾಟ | |
| 130 | Semi-authoritarian rule | ||
| 131 | Self-rule | ಸ್ವಯಂ ನಿಯಮ | |
| 132 | Sit-in | ಕೂರುವುದು | |
| 133 | Student Strikes | ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ಪ್ರತಿಭಟನೆಗಳು | |
| 134 | Strategic plan | ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಯೋಜನೆ | |
| 135 | Strategize | ||
| 136 | Strategy | ಕಾರ್ಯತಂತ್ರ | |
| 137 | Strike (noun) | ಮುಷ್ಕರ | |
| 138 | Strike (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 139 | Structural conditions (see also conditions) | ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳು | |
| 140 | Success | ಯಶಸ್ಸು | |
| 141 | Tactic | ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 142 | Tactical innovation | ||
| 143 | Tactics of commission | ಆಯೋಗದ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 144 | Tactics of concentration (see also Concenration, tactics of) | ಗಮನದ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 145 | Tactics of dispersion (see also Dispersion, tactics of) | ಚದುರಿಸುವ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 146 | Tactics of omission | ಬಿಟ್ಟುಬಿಡುವ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 147 | Tactical sequencing | ಪಾಳಿಯ ತಂತ್ರಗಳು | |
| 148 | Third party (or “third-party”) | ||
| 149 | Train | ||
| 150 | Training | ತರಬೇತಿ | |
| 151 | Unarmed Insurrection | ಶಸ್ತ್ರಾಸ್ತ್ರರಹಿತ ದಂಗೆ | |
| 152 | Unite | ||
| 153 | Unity | ಏಕತೆ | |
| 154 | Uprising | ಬಂಡಾಯ | |
| 155 | Violence | ಹಿಂಸೆ | |
| 156 | Violent Flank | ಹಿಂಸೆಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ | |
| 157 | Vision (of a civil resistance movement) | ದೃಷ್ಟಿಕೋನ | |
| 158 | Walk-out (or “walkout”) (noun) | ಹೊರನಡೆ | |
| 159 | Walk-out (verb) |