ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Kyrgyz
The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.
Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.
You can see standardized translations of key terms in Kyrgyz below.
| English | Kyrgyz | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accommodation (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 2 | Accommodate (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 3 | Accountability | Жоопкерчиликтүү болуу | |
| 4 | Activist | Активист | Активист |
| 5 | Adversary | ||
| 6 | Agency (human agency) | Агентство | Агентсвтво |
| 7 | Agent provocateur | ||
| 8 | Ally (verb) | ||
| 9 | Ally (noun) | ||
| 10 | Alternative institutions | Алтернативлдүү институттар | Алтернативные институты |
| 11 | Authoritarian rule | Авторитеттик бийлик | |
| 12 | Authority | Бийлик | |
| 13 | Backlash | Ылайыктуу жооп кайтаруу | |
| 14 | Backfire (verb) | When a plan or action rebounds adversely on the originator; has the opposite effect to what was intended. | |
| 15 | Backfire (noun) | ||
| 16 | Banners | Банерлер | |
| 17 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | Тосмо | |
| 18 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 19 | Boycott (noun) | Бойкот | Бойкот |
| 20 | Boycott (verb) | ||
| 21 | Campaigns (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | Маалымат акциялары | Акции |
| 22 | Campaign (verb) | ||
| 23 | Capacity | Жөндөмдүүлүк, Билим деңгээл | |
| 24 | Civil disobedience | Жарандык баш тартуу | |
| 25 | Civil resistance | Жарандык баш тартуу | |
| 26 | Civil society | Жарандык коом | |
| 27 | Civilian-based defense | ||
| 28 | Coalition | ||
| 29 | Commission, tactic(s) or act(s) of | ||
| 30 | Concentration, tactic(s) of | ||
| 31 | Conditions | ||
| 32 | Consent | Макулдук | |
| 33 | Consent (political) (verb) | ||
| 34 | Conflict (noun) | Чыр-чатак | |
| 35 | Constructive programme (or “constructive program”) | ||
| 36 | Conversion | ||
| 37 | Coup d’etat (or “coup”) | төңкөрүш | A coup d’Etat is a rapid seizure of physical and political control of the state apparatus by illegal action of a conspiratorial group backed by the threat or use of violence |
| 38 | Crackdown (noun) | Катуу чара көрүү | Severe measures (usually by the state authority) to restrict or discourage undesirable or illegal people or behavior. |
| 39 | Crackdown (verb) | ||
| 40 | Defect (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 41 | Defection | Conscious abandonment of allegiance or duty (as to a person, cause, or doctrine), possibly in favor of an opposing one | |
| 42 | Demonstration | ||
| 43 | Dictatorship | Диктаторлук | |
| 44 | Dilemma action | ||
| 45 | Direct action | ||
| 46 | Disintegration (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 47 | Dispersion, tactics of | ||
| 48 | Disrupt | ||
| 49 | Dissent (noun) | ||
| 50 | Dissident | Оппозиция | A person who is thought and actions has contrary opinions to those of the political society in which he or she lives. This terms was widely used for individuals and groups who opposed Communist Party regimes in the Soviet Union and other Communist countries. |
| 51 | Disruption | Тоскоол болуу / үзгултүккө учуратуу | |
| 52 | Dynamics | Динамика | |
| 53 | Empower | ||
| 54 | Empowerment | ||
| 55 | Escalate (in conflict) (verb) | ||
| 56 | Escalation (in conflict) (noun) | ||
| 57 | External actor | ||
| 58 | External support | Тышкы колдоо/жардам | |
| 59 | Failure (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 60 | Frame (communication) (verb) | ||
| 61 | Frame (communication) (noun) | ||
| 62 | Freedom (political) | (Саясий) эркиндик | |
| 63 | Freedom of Assembly | ||
| 64 | Freedom of Association | ||
| 65 | Freedom of Speech (or freedom of expression) | Сөз эркиндиги | |
| 66 | Goal | ||
| 67 | Grassroots (Adjective) | жергиликтүү эл | |
| 68 | Grassroots (noun) | ||
| 69 | Grand strategy | чоң стратегия | |
| 70 | Grievances | Өч алуу | |
| 71 | Human rights defender (HRD) | ||
| 72 | Leadership | ||
| 73 | Legitimacy | Мыйзамдуу болуу | |
| 74 | Loyalty shift | ||
| 75 | Mass demonstration | Массалык нааразычыкка чыгуу | |
| 76 | Mechanisms of change | ||
| 77 | Methods of nonviolent action | Чыр-чатаксыз акцияну өткөрүүнүн ыкмасы | Марш |
| 78 | Marches | Марш басуу | Мобилиизация |
| 79 | Mobilization | ||
| 80 | Mobilizing | Мобилизациялоо | |
| 81 | Movement | Кыймыл / Жүрүш | |
| 82 | Non-state actor | ||
| 83 | Nonviolent (or non-violent) | Зомбулуксуз | |
| 84 | Noncooperation | Кызматташуудан баш тартуу | |
| 85 | Nonviolent action | Зомбулуксуз кыймыл аракет | A mechanism of change in nonviolent action in which demands are achieved against the will of the opponents because effective control of the situation has been taken away from them by widespread noncooperation and defiance. However, the opponents still remain in their official positions and the system has not yet disintegrated. |
| 86 | Nonviolent coercion | Зомбулуксуз күрөшүүгө көндүрүү | |
| 87 | Nonviolent conflict | Зомбулуксуз чыр-чатак (конфликт) | |
| 88 | Nonviolent direct action | ||
| 89 | Nonviolent discipline | Зомбулуксуз тартип | Beliefs and behavior of several types in which violent acts are prohibited on religious or ethical grounds. In some belief systems, not only physical violence is barred but also hostile thoughts and words. Certain belief systems additionally enjoin positive attitudes and behavior toward opponents, or even a rejection of the concept of opponents. Such believers often may participate in nonviolent struggles with people practicing nonviolent struggle for pragmatic reasons, or may choose not to do so. |
| 90 | Nonviolence (religious, ethical, etc.) | Зомбулуксуз (диний, этикалык ж.б.) | |
| 91 | Nonviolent intervention | Зомбулуксуз кийлигишүү | The waging of determined conflict by strong forms of nonviolent action, especially against determined and resourceful opponents who may respond with repression. |
| 92 | Nonviolent struggle | Зомбулуксуз согушуу | |
| 93 | Obedience | Баш ийүү | |
| 94 | Obey | ||
| 95 | Objective (noun) | ||
| 96 | Omission, act(s) or tactic(s) of | ||
| 97 | Opponents | Опонент | |
| 98 | Opposition groups | Опозициядагы топ | |
| 99 | Organizer | Уюштуруучу | |
| 100 | Parallel institution | ||
| 101 | People of support | ||
| 102 | Pillars of support | Жөлөк колдоо | |
| 103 | Plan (noun) | ||
| 104 | Plan (verb) | ||
| 105 | Political defiance | Саясий баш ийбөө | |
| 106 | Political ju-jitsu | A special process that may operate during a nonviolent struggle to change power relationships. In political jiu-jitsu negative reactions to the opponents’ violent repression against nonviolent resisters are turned to operate politically against the opponents, weakening their power position and strengthening that of the nonviolent resisters. This can operate only when violent repression is met with continued nonviolent defiance, not violence or surrender. The opponents’ repression is then seen in the worst possible light. Resulting shifts of opinion are likely to occur among third parties, the general grievance group, and even the opponents’ usual supporters. Those shifts may produce both withdrawals of support for the opponents and increased support for the nonviolent resisters. The result may be widespread condemnation of the opponents, internal opposition among the opponents, and increased resistance. These changes can at times produce major shifts in power relationships in favor of the nonviolent struggle group. | |
| 107 | Political noncooperation | Саясий кызматташуудан баш тартуу | |
| 108 | Political power | Саясий бийлик | |
| 109 | People power | Элдик бийлик | |
| 110 | Power | ||
| 111 | Power holder | ||
| 112 | Planning | Пландоо | прагматический |
| 113 | Pragmatic nonviolence | Прагматикалык | |
| 114 | Protest | Каршы болуу / каршы чыгуу | |
| 115 | Protest (Noun) | ||
| 116 | Protest (verb) | ||
| 117 | Resistance movement | Каршылык көрсөтүү кыймылы | Репрессия |
| 118 | Repress | ||
| 119 | Repression | Репрессия | |
| 120 | Resilience | Калыбына келүү | Санкции |
| 121 | Revolution (social, political, or economic) | ||
| 122 | Sanctions | Санкциялар | |
| 123 | Self-determination | ||
| 124 | Self-organize | ||
| 125 | Self-organization | Жекече уюштуруу | |
| 126 | Self-reliance | Өз күчүнө ишенүү | |
| 127 | Skills (in civil resistance context) | Жөндөмдүүлү | |
| 128 | Sources of power | Бийликтин булактары | |
| 129 | Strategic nonviolent struggle | Стратегиялык зомбулуксуз күрөшүү | |
| 130 | Semi-authoritarian rule | ||
| 131 | Self-rule | Өзүн-өзү башкаруу | “The physical occupation of certain facilities by persons engaging in nonviolent intervention by sitting on available chairs, stools, and occasionally on the floor, for a limited or indefinite time. This method may be applied as a single actor as a series of acts. The objective may be to disrupt the normal activities of those normally using the facilities. The purpose may also be to establish a new social pattern, such as opening the particular facilities (such as lunch counters) to previously excluded persons. This was a widely publicized method in the U.S. civil rights movement. The aim may also be to protest about an issue that is not directly connected with the facilities occupied.” |
| 132 | Sit-in | ||
| 133 | Student Strikes | Студенттик пикет | Стратегический план |
| 134 | Strategic plan | Стратегиялык план | Стратегия |
| 135 | Strategize | ||
| 136 | Strategy | Стратегия | |
| 137 | Strike (noun) | Козголоң | |
| 138 | Strike (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 139 | Structural conditions (see also conditions) | Структуралык шарттар | |
| 140 | Success | Ийгилик | |
| 141 | Tactic | Тактика | An act of civil resistance in which a person or group performs acts which they usually do not perform, are not expected by custom to perform, or are forbidden by law or regulation from performing |
| 142 | Tactical innovation | ||
| 143 | Tactics of commission | ||
| 144 | Tactics of concentration (see also Concenration, tactics of) | Көңул буруу тактикасы | |
| 145 | Tactics of dispersion (see also Dispersion, tactics of) | Жайылтуу тактикасы | A tactic of nonviolent action in which participants refuse to engage in behavior or take actions perform acts thatwhich they usually perform, are expected by custom to perform, or are required by law or regulation to perform. |
| 146 | Tactics of omission | Чыгаруу тактикасы | |
| 147 | Tactical sequencing | Ирээтөө тактикасы | Тренинг |
| 148 | Third party (or “third-party”) | ||
| 149 | Train | ||
| 150 | Training | Тренинг | |
| 151 | Unarmed Insurrection | Куралсыз көтөрүлүш | |
| 152 | Unite | ||
| 153 | Unity | Биримдик | |
| 154 | Uprising | Көтөрүлүш | |
| 155 | Violence | ||
| 156 | Violent Flank | ||
| 157 | Vision (of a civil resistance movement) | Келечекке баа берүү | |
| 158 | Walk-out (or “walkout”) (noun) | ||
| 159 | Walk-out (verb) |