ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Pashto
The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.
Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.
You can see standardized translations of key terms in Pashto below.
| English | Pashto | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accommodation (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 2 | Accommodate (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 3 | Accountability | حساب ورکونه | |
| 4 | Activist | فعال | |
| 5 | Adversary | ||
| 6 | Agency | نمایندګي | |
| 7 | Agent provocateur | ||
| 8 | Ally (verb) | ||
| 9 | Ally (noun) | ||
| 10 | Alternative institutions | متبالې ادارې | |
| 11 | Authoritarian rule | استبدادي حکومت | |
| 12 | Authority | واک | |
| 13 | Backlash | غبرګون | |
| 14 | Backfire (verb) | غبرګون | |
| 15 | Backfire (noun) | ||
| 16 | Banners | بینر | |
| 17 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | مخنېوی | |
| 18 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 19 | Boycott (noun) | ||
| 20 | Boycott (verb) | پریکون | |
| 21 | Campaign (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | مبارزې | |
| 22 | Campaign (verb) | ||
| 23 | Capacity | وړتیا | |
| 24 | Civil disobedience | ولسي نافرماني | |
| 25 | Civil resistance | ||
| 26 | Civil society | مدني ټولنه | |
| 27 | Civilian-based defense | ||
| 28 | Coalition | ||
| 29 | Commission, tactic(s) or act(s) of | ||
| 30 | Concentration, tactic(s) of | ||
| 31 | Conditions | ||
| 32 | Consent (political) (noun) | خوښه | |
| 33 | Consent (political) (verb) | ||
| 34 | Conflict | شخړه | |
| 35 | Constructive programme (or “constructive program”) | ||
| 36 | Conversion | ||
| 37 | Coup d’etat (or “coup”) | کودتا | |
| 38 | Crackdown (noun) | قوانین په سختۍ سره نافذول | |
| 39 | Crackdown (verb) | ||
| 40 | Defect (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 41 | Defection | لیکې پرېښودل | |
| 42 | Demonstration | ||
| 43 | Dictatorship | دیکتاتوري | |
| 44 | Dilemma action | ||
| 45 | Direct action | ||
| 46 | Disintegration (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 47 | Dispersion, tactics of | ||
| 48 | Disrupt | ||
| 49 | Dissident (noun) | ||
| 50 | Dissident | ||
| 51 | Disruption | ګډوډي | |
| 52 | Dynamics (of civil resistance) | ||
| 53 | Empower | ||
| 54 | Empowerment | ||
| 55 | Escalate (in conflict) (verb) | ||
| 56 | Escalation (in conflict) (noun) | ||
| 57 | External actor | ||
| 58 | External support | باندنی ملاتړ | |
| 59 | Failure (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 60 | Frame (communication) (verb) | ||
| 61 | Frame (communication) (noun) | ||
| 62 | Freedom (political) | ازادي (سیاسي) | |
| 63 | Freedom of Assembly | ||
| 64 | Freedom of Association | ||
| 65 | Freedom of Speech (or freedom of expression) | د بیان ازادي | |
| 66 | Goal | ||
| 67 | Grassroots (adjective) | ||
| 68 | Grassroots (noun) | عام خلک | |
| 69 | Grand strategy | پراخه ستراتېژي | |
| 70 | Grievances | د خلکو شکایت | |
| 71 | Human rights defender (HRD) | ||
| 72 | Leadership | ||
| 73 | Legitimacy | مشروع | |
| 74 | Loyalty shift | ||
| 75 | Mass demonstration | پراخه مظاهره | |
| 76 | Mechanisms of change | ||
| 77 | Methods of nonviolent action | د ولسي مبارزې لارې چارې | |
| 78 | Marches | مارشونه | |
| 79 | Mobilizing | خلک متحرک کول | |
| 80 | Mobilizing | ||
| 81 | Movement | تحریک | |
| 82 | Non-state actor | ||
| 83 | Nonviolent (or non-violent) | له تاوتریخوالي خالي | |
| 84 | Noncooperation | همکاري نه کول | |
| 85 | Nonviolent action | ولسي اقدام | |
| 86 | Nonviolent coercion | له تاوتریخوالي په خالي لاروچارو خلک اړکول | |
| 87 | Nonviolent conflict | عدم تشدد | |
| 88 | Nonviolent direct action | ||
| 89 | Nonviolent discipline | له تاوتریخوالي پاک نظم | |
| 90 | Nonviolence (religious, ethical, etc.) | مذهبي اوخلاقي او نور ډولونه عدم تشدد | |
| 91 | Nonviolent intervention | له تشدده خالی اقدام کول | |
| 92 | Nonviolent struggle | عدم تشدد | |
| 93 | Obedience | غاړه ایښودنه | |
| 94 | Obey | ||
| 95 | Objective (noun) | ||
| 96 | Omission, act(s) or tactic(s) of | ||
| 97 | Opponents | مخالفین | |
| 98 | Opposition groups | اپوزیسیون | |
| 99 | Organizer | تنظیمونکي | |
| 100 | Parallel institution | متبادلې ادارې | |
| 101 | People of support | ||
| 102 | Pillars of support | د ملاتړ ستنې | |
| 103 | Plan (noun) | ||
| 104 | Plan (verb) | ||
| 105 | Political defiance | سیاسي غاړه نه ایښودنه | |
| 106 | Political ju-jitsu | سیاسي لوبه | |
| 107 | Political noncooperation | سیاسي نه همکاري | |
| 108 | Political power | سیاسي واک | |
| 109 | People power | ولسي قوت | |
| 110 | Power | ||
| 111 | Power holder | ||
| 112 | Planning | پلان جوړول | |
| 113 | Pragmatic non violence | عملي | |
| 114 | Protest | احتجاج | |
| 115 | Protest (verb) | ||
| 116 | Rally (noun) | ||
| 117 | Resistance movement | احتجاجی تحریک | |
| 118 | Repress | ||
| 119 | Repression | نیول | |
| 120 | Resilience | مقابله کول/ پښې ټینګول | |
| 121 | Revolution (social, political, or economic) | ||
| 122 | Sanctions | بندیزونه | |
| 123 | Self-determination | ||
| 124 | Self-organize | ||
| 125 | Self-organization | د خپل ځان منظمول | |
| 126 | Self-reliance | په خپل ځان تکیه کول | |
| 127 | Skills (in civil resistance context) | مهارتونه | |
| 128 | Sources of power | د واک سرچېنې | |
| 129 | Strategic nonviolent struggle | ولسي مبارزه | |
| 130 | Semi-authoritarian rule | ||
| 131 | Self-rule | په خپل ځان کنترول | |
| 132 | Sit-in | احتجاجي ناسته | |
| 133 | Student Strikes | د محصلینو احتجاجونه | |
| 134 | Strategic plan | ستراتیژیکي پلان | |
| 135 | Strategize | ||
| 136 | Strategy | ستراتیژي | |
| 137 | Strike (noun) | اعتصاب | |
| 138 | Strike (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 139 | Structural conditions (see also conditions) | د کلتورونو او نورو جوړښتونو له امله ارمنځته شوي حالات | |
| 140 | Success | بریا | |
| 141 | Tactic | تاکتیک | |
| 142 | Tactical innovation | ||
| 143 | Tactics of commission | په دغه ډول تاکتیکونو کې د مبارزې برخه وال د هغه کارونو له ترسره کولو څخه انکار کوي چې ددې قانون برخه یی له دوی څخه تمه لري، مدني غاړه نه ایښودنه، اعتصابونه او شلونونه | |
| 144 | Tactics of concentration (see also Concenration, tactics of) | دوی هغه څه ترسره کوی چې لدوئ څخه یې د کولو تمه نه کیږي، (قانون او رواج یې د کولو حکم نه کوي) مندي غاړه نه ایښودنه، مظاهرې، احتجاجي ناستې او مارشونه | |
| 145 | Tactics of dispersion (see also Dispersion, tactics of) | د ولسي مبارزې لارې هغه تاکتیک په کوم کې یې چې ګډونوال یو له بل څخه جلا کیږي، او په ګډه اقدامات ترسره کوي. شلون، د چراغونو روښانه کول او ګول کول. | |
| 146 | Tactics of omission | د ولسي مبارزې په دغه ډول تاکتیک کې مبارزین په لوی شمیر کې سره رایو ځای کیږي: مظاهرې، احتجاجي ناستې او مارشونه | |
| 147 | Tactical sequencing | تخنیکي ترتیب | |
| 148 | Third party (or “third-party”) | ||
| 149 | Train | ||
| 150 | Training | روزنه | |
| 151 | Unarmed Insurrection | بې وسلې پاڅون | |
| 152 | Unite | ||
| 153 | Unity | وحدت | |
| 154 | Uprising | پاڅون | |
| 155 | Violence | ||
| 156 | Violent Flank | له تاوتریخوالي ډک پسمنظر | |
| 157 | Vision (of a civil resistance movement) | لرلید | |
| 158 | Walk-out (or “walkout”) (noun) | احتجاجي وتل | |
| 159 | Walk-out (verb) |