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  • ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Portuguese (Brazilian)

ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Portuguese (Brazilian)

The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.

Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.

You can see standardized translations of key terms in Brazilian Portuguese below.
 

English Portuguese (Brazil) Comments
1 Accommodation
(as a result of civil resistance)
2 Accommodate
(as a result of civil resistance)
3 Accountability Prestação de contas; responsabilização; responsabilidade Choice will very much depend on the context./ You can use the terms he added as well, but the exact translation is what I wrote.
4 Activist Ativista I beg to differ. In this case, if there was such a thing as an exact translation, it wouldn’t be two different terms (responsabilização and responsabilidade) meaning different things in Portuguese). Accountability is one of those English words that require the translator to examine the context carefully and see which of the options is the best fit.
5 Adversary
6 Agency
(human agency)
Atuação; capacidade para agir The translation into Portuguese for agency in the Trifecta text is “atuação.” It would be advisable to change the translation here as well or include it as a second option.
7 Agent provocateur
8 Ally
(verb)
9 Ally
(noun)
10 Alternative institutions Instituições alternativas
11 Authoritarian rule Regime autoritário
12 Authority Autoridade
13 Backlash Repercussão
14 Backfire
(verb)
15 Backfire
(noun)
Produzir efeito negativo; sair pela culatra; “tiro no pé”
16 Banners Bandeiras; banners
17 Blockade
(associated with civil resistance)
(noun)
Bloqueio
18 Blockade
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
19 Boycott
(noun)
Boicote
20 Boycott
(verb)
21 Campaign
(associated with civil resistance)
(noun)
Campanha
22 Campaign
(verb)
Capacidade
23 Capacity
24 Civil disobedience Desobediência Civil
25 Civil resistance Resistência Civil
26 Civil society Sociedade Civil
27 Civilian-based defense
28 Coalition
29 Commission,
tactic(s) or act(s) of
30 Concentration,
tactic(s) of
31 Conditions
32 Consent
(political)
(noun)
33 Consent
(political)
(verb)
34 Conflict
(noun)
35 Constructive programme
(or “constructive program”)
36 Conversion
37 Coup d’etat
(or “coup”)
Golpe de Estado
38 Crackdown
(noun)
Repressão; Medidas severas Both are correct as well, depending on the context. If you must choose one I’d stick with his translation.
39 Crackdown
(verb)
40 Defect
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
41 Defection Deserção
42 Demonstration
43 Dictatorship Ditadura
44 Dilemma action
45 Direct action
46 Disintegration
(associated with civil resistance)
Desintegração
47 Dispersion, tactics of
48 Disrupt
49 Dissent
(noun)
Dissidente
50 Dissident
51 Disruption Intervenção; distúrbio; ruptura; rompimento; interrupção; desordem “Intervenção” does not appear to be a good translation for disruption. A few suggestions, whose use will depend on the context: distúrbio, ruptura, rompimento, interrupção, desordem. Yes all of the terms can be used; it depends on the context. When activists are planning a “disruption” we call it “intervenção”.
52 Dynamics
(of civil resistance)
Dinâmica(s)
(de ações não violentas)
The singular form “dinâmica” can also be a valid translation.
53 Empower
54 Empowerment
55 Escalate
(in conflict)
(verb)
56 Escalation
(in conflict)
(noun)
57 External actor
58 External support Apoio externo
59 Failure
(associated with civil resistance)
Fracasso
60 Frame
(communication)
(verb)
61 Frame
(communication)
(noun)
62 Freedom
(political)
Liberdade
(política)
63 Freedom of Assembly
64 Freedom of Association
65 Freedom of Speech
(or freedom of expression)
Liberdade de expressão
66 Goal
67 Grassroots
(adjective)
Base
(movimentos de base)
68 Grassroots
(noun)
69 Grand strategy Estratégia global; estratégia “chave”
70 Grievances Queixas; reclamações; injustiça The most commont translation is “queixas” or “reclamações”. “Injustiça” will be seen in very specific cases.True. His translation is better; both all terms apply depending on the context.
71 Human rights defender
(HRD)
72 Leadership
73 Legitimacy Legitimidade
74 Loyalty shift
75 Mass demonstration Grande manifestação; protesto em massa A demonstration is a “manifestação” or “protesto” in Portuguese. We had “grandes manifestações” for “mass demonstrations” in the Trifecta article. Nope. We do use the translation I gave “demonstração em massa”. His terms might also apply, but between activists the one I choose is most commun.
76 Mechanisms of change Mecanismos de mudança Demonstração is a false cognate. If it is used in the field, it is the wrong word to mean something else. Try doing a google search for “demonstração em massa”, and you will get very few hits and almost none that is relevant to our context.
77 Methods of nonviolent action Métodos de ação não-violenta for here and all of the other translations that he added “não violento”, or “não violência”, we, activists do not speak like that in Brazil. We will say for example “methods of action”, and that’s it. The most we will add is “pacific” into it. I know that in your vocabulary you want to empasize “non-violence”, and that is okay if we start introducing this cvocabulary in Brazil, but it is not commonly used.
78 Marches Marchas
(não-violência, não-violento)
79 Mobilization
80 Mobilizing Mobilizar
81 Movement Movimento
82 Non-state actor
83 Nonviolent
(or non-violent)
Não-violência
84 Noncooperation Não-cooperação
85 Nonviolent action Ação não-violenta
86 Nonviolent coercion Coerção não-violenta
87 Nonviolent conflict Conflito não-violento
88 Nonviolent direct action
89 Nonviolent discipline Disciplina da não-violência
90 Nonviolence
(religious, ethical, etc.)
Não-violência
(religiosa, ética, etc.)
91 Nonviolent intervention Intervenção não-violenta
92 Nonviolent struggle Luta não-violenta
93 Obedience Obediência
94 Obey
95 Objective
(noun)
96 Omission,
act(s) or tactic(s) of
97 Opponents Oponentes, adversários
98 Opposition groups Grupos oponentes; grupos adversários
99 Organizer Organizador
100 Parallel institution Instituição paralela
101 People of support
102 Pillars of support Pilares de apoio
103 Plan
(noun)
104 Plan
(verb)
105 Political defiance Desafio político
106 Political ju-jitsu Jiu-jítsu político (quando o governo usa da violência para reprimir um movimento pacífico, isso pode ser usado para expor o governo, transformando seus aliados em aliados do movimento).
107 Political noncooperation Não-cooperação política
108 Political power Poder político
109 People power Poder do povo
110 Power
111 Power holder
112 Planning Planejamento
113 Pragmatic non violence Pragmático
114 Protest
(Noun)
Protesto
115 Protest
(verb)
116 Rally
(noun)
117 Resistance movement Movimento de resistência
118 Repress
119 Repression Repressão
120 Resilience Resiliência
121 Revolution
(social, political, or economic)
122 Sanctions Sanções
123 Self-determination
124 Self-organize
125 Self-organization Auto-organização; autogestão
126 Self-reliance Autoconfiança
127 Skills
(in civil resistance context)
Habilidades
128 Sources of power Fontes de poder
129 Strategic nonviolent struggle Luta não-violenta estratégica
130 Semi-authoritarian rule
131 Self-rule Autonomia
132 Sit-in Protesto pacífico sentando-se num lugar; sentada There is always the temptation of coming up with one word to translate a word in another language, but the best solution here is to phrase the sentence to convey the idea that people are sitting in to demonstrate pacifically. Sentada, although it exists in Portuguese in a more informal context, does not appear to be a good translation. Desagree. Both are okay.
133 Student Strikes Greves estudantis I strongly disagree with sentada. A Google search does not produce many relevant hits. How is it used in Portuguese in this specific context? Vamos fazer uma sentada, vamos dar uma sentada?
134 Strategic plan Plano estratégico The problem here is that we are trying to find a noun to translate another noun. It won’t work in this case. We would have to produce a turn of phrase to express the same idea. Let’s take an example:
135 Strategize
136 Strategy Estratégia Protesters staged a sit-in Saturday at the entrance to Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility.
137 Strike
(noun)
Greve No sábado, os manifestantes sentaram-se em protesto (sentaram-se para protestar) na entrada da unidade de armazenagem de gás natural de Aliso Canyon.
138 Strike
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
139 Structural conditions
(see also conditions)
Condições estruturais Os manifestantes fizeram uma sentada? That does not sound right. Even if it is used in the field, it would be too informal for a written text.
140 Success Sucesso; êxito
141 Tactic Tática
142 Tactical innovation
143 Tactics of commission Táticas de comissão
144 Tactics of concentration
(see also Concenration, tactics of)
Táticas de agrupamento
(concentração de pessoas)
145 Tactics of dispersion
(see also Dispersion, tactics of)
Táticas de dispersão
146 Tactics of omission Táticas de omissão
147 Tactical sequencing Sequência de táticas; sequenciamento tático
148 Third party
(or “third-party”)
149 Train
150 Training Treinamento
151 Unarmed Insurrection Insurreição desarmada
152 Unite
153 Unity Unidade
154 Uprising Insurreição; revolta; rebelião
155 Violence Violência
156 Violent Flank Flanco de violência; foco de violência
157 Vision
(of a civil resistance movement)
Visão
158 Walk-out
(or “walkout”)
(noun)
Abandono de recinto
159 Walk-out
(verb)

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