ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Turkish
The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.
Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.
You can see standardized translations of key terms in Turkish below.
| English | Turkish | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Accommodation (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 2 | Accommodate (as a result of civil resistance) | ||
| 3 | Accountability | hesap verebilirlik | |
| 4 | Activist | aktivist/eylemci | |
| 5 | Adversary | ||
| 6 | Agency (human agency) | ||
| 7 | Agent provocateur | ||
| 8 | Ally (verb) | ||
| 9 | Ally (noun) | ||
| 10 | Alternative institutions | alternatif kurumlar | |
| 11 | Authoritarian rule | otoriter yönetim | |
| 12 | Authority | otorite | |
| 13 | Backlash | ters tepme (what is the difference between backlash and backfire? We have more or less the same meanings in Turkish.) | |
| 14 | Backfire (verb) | geri tepme | |
| 15 | Backfire (noun) | ||
| 16 | Banners | pankart/ afiş | |
| 17 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | blokaj | |
| 18 | Blockade (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 19 | Boycott (noun) | boykot | |
| 20 | Boycott (verb) | ||
| 21 | Campaign (associated with civil resistance) (noun) | kampanya | |
| 22 | Campaign (verb) | kampanya | |
| 23 | Capacity | kapasite | |
| 24 | Civil disobedience | sivil itaatsizlik | |
| 25 | Civil resistance | sivil direniş | |
| 26 | Civil society | sivil toplum | |
| 27 | Civilian-based defense | ||
| 28 | Coalition | ||
| 29 | Commission, tactic(s) or act(s) of | ||
| 30 | Concentration, tactic(s) of | ||
| 31 | Conditions | ||
| 32 | Consent (political) (noun) | ||
| 33 | Consent (political) (verb) | ||
| 34 | Conflict (noun) | ||
| 35 | Constructive programme (or “constructive program”) | ||
| 36 | Conversion | ||
| 37 | Coup d’etat (or “coup”) | ||
| 38 | Crackdown (noun) | şiddetli baskı | |
| 39 | Crackdown (verb) | ||
| 40 | Defect (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 41 | Defection | taraf değiştirme | |
| 42 | Demonstration | ||
| 43 | Dictatorship | ||
| 44 | Dilemma action | ||
| 45 | Direct action | ||
| 46 | Disintegration (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 47 | Dispersion, tactics of | ||
| 48 | Disrupt | ||
| 49 | Dissent (noun) | ||
| 50 | Dissident | muhalif | |
| 51 | Disruption | durdurma /işleyişi durdurma | |
| 52 | Dynamics (of civil resistance) | ||
| 53 | Empower | ||
| 54 | Empowerment | ||
| 55 | Escalate (in conflict) (verb) | ||
| 56 | Escalation (in conflict) (noun) | ||
| 57 | External actor | ||
| 58 | External support | dış destek | |
| 59 | Failure (associated with civil resistance) | ||
| 60 | Frame (communication) (verb) | ||
| 61 | Frame (communication) (noun) | ||
| 62 | Freedom (political) | özgürlük | |
| 63 | Freedom of Assembly | ||
| 64 | Freedom of Association | ||
| 65 | Freedom of Speech (or freedom of expression) | ifade özgürlüğü | |
| 66 | Goal | ||
| 67 | Grassroots (adjective) | “otkökü” however it’s very rarely used. we also do not use “grassroot” alone; “grassroot organisation” is ”taban örgütlenmesi” | |
| 68 | Grassroots (noun) | ||
| 69 | Grand strategy | Genel ilkeler (kampanyanın) | |
| 70 | Grievances | yakınma | |
| 71 | Human rights defender (HRD) | ||
| 72 | Leadership | ||
| 73 | Legitimacy | meşruluk | |
| 74 | Loyalty shift | ||
| 75 | Mass demonstration | kitlesel gösteri | |
| 76 | Mechanisms of change | ||
| 77 | Methods of nonviolent action | şiddetsiz eylem yöntemleri | |
| 78 | Marches | yürüyüş | |
| 79 | Mobilization | ||
| 80 | Mobilizing | mobilizasyon /harekete geçme- geçirme | |
| 81 | Movement | ”hareket” but it doesn’t give a sense so we prefer to use social or where appropriate political movement which is ¨sosyal ya da politik hareket” | |
| 82 | Non-state actor | ||
| 83 | Nonviolent (or non-violent) | şiddetsiz | |
| 84 | Noncooperation | işbirliği yapmama / işbirliksizlik | |
| 85 | Nonviolent action | şiddetsiz eylem | |
| 86 | Nonviolent coercion | şiddetsiz zorlama /baskı | |
| 87 | Nonviolent conflict | şiddetsiz çatışkı | |
| 88 | Nonviolent direct action | ||
| 89 | Nonviolent discipline | şiddetsiz disiplin | |
| 90 | Nonviolence (religious, ethical, etc.) | şiddetsizlik (dini, etik, vs) | |
| 91 | Nonviolent intervention | şiddetsiz müdahale | |
| 92 | Nonviolent struggle | şiddetsiz mücadele | |
| 93 | Obedience | itaat | |
| 94 | Obey | ||
| 95 | Objective (noun) | ||
| 96 | Omission, act(s) or tactic(s) of | ||
| 97 | Opponents | karşıtlar/ muhalifler | |
| 98 | Opposition groups | karşıt gruplar /muhalif gruplar | |
| 99 | Organizer | örgütleyici | |
| 100 | Parallel institution | paralel kurumlar /paralel yapılar | |
| 101 | People of support | destek sütunları | |
| 102 | Pillars of support | ||
| 103 | Plan (noun) | ||
| 104 | Plan (verb) | ||
| 105 | Political defiance | politik karşı çıkış | |
| 106 | Political ju-jitsu | politik ju-jitsu | |
| 107 | Political noncooperation | politik olarak işbirliği yapmama | |
| 108 | Political power | politik güç | |
| 109 | People power | halk gücü | |
| 110 | Power | ||
| 111 | Power holder | ||
| 112 | Planning | planlama | |
| 113 | Pragmatic nonviolence | pragmatik | |
| 114 | Protest (Noun) | protesto | |
| 115 | Protest (verb) | ||
| 116 | Rally (noun) | ||
| 117 | Resistance movement | direniş hareketi | |
| 118 | Repress | ||
| 119 | Repression | baskı | |
| 120 | Resilience | dayanıklılık / esneklik | |
| 121 | Revolution (social, political, or economic) | ||
| 122 | Sanctions | yaptırım | |
| 123 | Self-determination | ||
| 124 | Self-organize | ||
| 125 | Self-organization | öz örgütlenme | |
| 126 | Self-reliance | özgüven | |
| 127 | Skills (in civil resistance context) | beceri | |
| 128 | Sources of power | güç kaynakları | |
| 129 | Strategic nonviolent struggle | stratejik şiddetsiz mücadele | |
| 130 | Semi-authoritarian rule | ||
| 131 | Self-rule | kendi kendini yönetme | |
| 132 | Sit-in | oturma eylemi | |
| 133 | Student Strikes | öğrenci grevleri | |
| 134 | Strategic plan | stratejik planlama | |
| 135 | Strategize | ||
| 136 | Strategy | strateji | |
| 137 | Strike (noun) | grev | |
| 138 | Strike (associated with civil resistance) (verb) | ||
| 139 | Structural conditions (see also conditions) | yapısal koşullar | |
| 140 | Success | başarı | |
| 141 | Tactic | taktik | |
| 142 | Tactical innovation | ||
| 143 | Tactics of commission | icrai eylem taktikleri (birşey yapmaya ilişkin taktikler) | |
| 144 | Tactics of concentration (see also Concenration, tactics of) | Toplu eylem taktikleri | |
| 145 | Tactics of dispersion (see also Dispersion, tactics of) | dağınık eylem yapma taktikleri | |
| 146 | Tactics of omission | ihmali eylem taktikleri (birşey yapmamaya ilişkin taktikler) | |
| 147 | Tactical sequencing | taktikler dizisi | |
| 148 | Third party (or “third-party”) | ||
| 149 | Train | ||
| 150 | Training | antrenman | |
| 151 | Unarmed Insurrection | silahsız başkaldırı /ayaklanma | |
| 152 | Unite | ||
| 153 | Unity | birlik | |
| 154 | Uprising | isyan / ayaklanma | |
| 155 | Violence | şiddet | |
| 156 | Violent Flank | şiddet kanadı/ şiddet kullanan kanat | |
| 157 | Vision (of a civil resistance movement) | vizyon | |
| 158 | Walk-out (or “walkout”) (noun) | işi bırakma | |
| 159 | Walk-out (verb) |