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  • ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Kirundi

ICNC Glossary of Key Terms - Kirundi

The first step in creating high-quality translations in the field of civil resistance is translating key terms.

Initially, we developed a list of 91 key terms that had specific meaning in the field of civil resistance and worked with translators to translate these terms. We have subsequently expanded this list to 159 terms, and ICNC President Hardy Merriman and ICNC Senior Advisor Nicola Barrach have produced a glossary (to be published in 2019) that defines each of these terms and provides commentary on each and examples of usage.

You can see standardized translations of key terms in Kirundi below.
 

English Kirundi Comments
1 Accomodation
(as a result of civil resistance)
Ukwiyegereza umukeba
(nk’ingaruka y’urugamba ruzira ingimba)
2 Accommodate
(as a result of civil resistance)
Kwiyegereza umukeba
(nk’ingaruka y’urugamba ruzira ingimba)
3 Accountability Ukwishuzwa
4 Activist Uwuharanira impinduka
5 Adversary Umukeba
6 Agency
(human agency)
Ubushobozi bw’umuntu
7 Agent provocateur Umusotoranyi
8 Ally
(verb)
Kwiyunga n’abandi
9 Ally
(noun)
Umwunganizi
10 Alternative institutions Inzego nsubirizi
11 Authoritarian rule Intwaro y’umukazo
12 Authority Ubutegetsi
13 Backfire
(verb)
Kugaruka ku muntu
14 Backfire
(noun)
Ingaruka
15 Backlash Ingaruka mbi
(k’uwabikoze)
16 Backsliding, democratic Isubirinyuma rya demokrasi
17 Blockade
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
Kuzibira urujanuruza
(mu rugamba ruzira ingimba)
18 Blockade
(associated with civil resistance)
(noun)
Ukuzibira urujanuruza
(mu rugamba ruzira ingimba)
19 Boycott
(verb)
Kwiyonkora
20 Boycott
(noun)
Ukwiyonkora
21 Campaign
(associated with civil resistance)
(noun)
Guhimiriza
22 Campaign
(associated with civil resistance)
(noun)
Isekeza ryo guhimiriza
23 Capacity Ubushobozi
24 Civil disobedience Kugarariza amabwirizwa
25 Civil resistance Urugamba ruzira ingimba
26 Civil society Amashirahamwe yigenga aharanira impinduka
27 Civilian-based defense Umuhari wirwanako w’abanyagihugu
28 Coalition Urunani
29 Commission,
tactic(s) or act(s) of
Ugukora ibibujijwe
30 Concentration,
tactic(s) of
Gukorera hamwe, ubuhinga bwo
31 Conditions Ibihe/akarere
32 Consent
(noun)
Amatati
33 Consent
(political)
(noun)
Kugamburuka
(muri politike)
34 Conflict
(political)
(noun)
Ukugamburuka (muri politike)
35 Constructive programme
(or “constructive program”)
Imigambi bwite y’abanyagihugu
36 Conversion Uguhinduza ivyiyumviro umukeba
37 Coup d’etat
(or “coup”)
Guhirika ubutegetsi
38 Crackdown
(verb)
Guhasha
39 Crackdown
(noun)
Uguhasha
40 Defect
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
Guhemuka
41 Defection Uguhemuka
42 Democratic backsliding (see “Backsliding, democratic”) Isubirinyuma rya demokarasi
43 Demonstration Imyiyerekano
44 Dictatorship Intwaro y’umukazo
45 Dilemma action Ugusunika umukeba mw’ikosa
46 Direct action Ukwigwanirira kw’abanyagihugu
47 Disintegration
(associated with civil resistance)
Ugusenyuka
47 Dispersion, tactics of Gukorera mu bibanza bitandukanye
49 Disrupt Guhungabanya
50 Disruption
(associated with civil resistance)
Uguhungabana
51 Dissent
(noun)
Ukutavugarumwe
52 Dissident Uwutavugarumwe
53 Dynamics
(of civil resistance)
Imvo n’imvano
54 Empower Gushoboza
55 Empowerment Ugushoboza
56 Escalate
(in conflict)
(verb)
Gusatira n’inguvu
57 Escalation
(in conflict)
(noun)
Ubusatirizi buhanitse
58 External actor Abarorerezi bo hanze
59 External support Imfashanyo yo hanze
60 Failure
(associated with civil resistance)
Ukudashika kwihangiro
61 Flank, violent Akarwi gashira imbere ingimba
62 Frame
(communication)
(verb)
Guha insiguro
(mu gutanga amakuru)
63 Frame
(communication)
(noun)
Insigusiguro
(mu guhatanga amakuru)
64 Freedom
(political)
Umwidengemvyo
(muvya poritike)
65 Freedom of Assembly Uburenganzira bw’amakoraniro
66 Freedom of Association Uburengenzira bwo gushinga amashirahamwe
67 Freedom of Speech
(or freedom of expression)
uburenganzira bwo gushikiriza iciyumviro
68 Goal Ihangiro
69 Grand strategy Ihangiro
70 Grassroots
(adjective)
(Co) hasi
71 Grassroots
(noun)
Abo hasi
72 Grievances Umubabaro
73 Human rights defender
(HRD)
Abaharanira agateka ka zinamuntu
74 Leadership Ubuserukizi (mu muhari)
75 Legitimacy Icizere
76 Loyalty shift Uguhemuka
77 March Urugendo
78 Mass demonstration Imyiyerekano y’ikivunga
79 Mechanisms of change Intambwe y’impinduka
80 Methods of nonviolent action Ubwoko vy’ibikorwa bizira ingimba
81 Mobilization Ihimiriza
82 Mobilize Guhimiriza
83 Movement Guhimiriza
84 Noncooperation Guhagarika imigenderanire
85 Nongovernmental organization (or “NGO”) Amashirahamwe ategamiye leta
86 Non-state actor Umurorerezi ategamiye leta
87 Nonviolence Akarangamutima kazira ingimba
88 Nonviolence, pragmatic Ugutinya gukoresha ingimba
89 Nonviolence, principled Umwanzuro wo kudakoresha ingimba
90 Nonviolence (or “non-violent”) Izira ingimba
91 Nonviolent action Uguharaniragateka hadakoreshejwe ingimba
92 Nonviolent coercion Kugondoza udakoresheje ingimba
93 Nonviolent conflict Ukwigwanirira kuzira ingimba
94 Nonviolent direct action Ukwigwanirira hadakoreshejwe ingimba
95 Nonviolent discipline Umwanzuro wo kudakoresha ingimba
96 Nonviolent intervention Guhangana udakoresheje ingimba
97 Nonviolent struggle Iharanirwa ry’agatekamu bwitonzi
98 Obedience Ukugamburuka
99 Obey Kugamburuka
100 Objective
(noun)
Intumbero
101 Omission,
act(s) or tactic(s) of
Ukwirengangiza ivy’ujejwe, amayeri yo
102 Opponents Umukeba
103 Opposition groups Umurwi w’abatavugarumwe
104 Organizer Umutunganyabikorwa
105 Parallel institution Inzego nsubirizi
106 People of support Ubushobozi bw’abanyagihugu
107 Pillars of support Inkingi z’ubutegetsi
108 Plan
(noun)
Integuro
109 Plan
(verb)
Gutegura
110 Political defiance Ukugerageza ubutegetsi
111 Political ju-jitsu Ingaruka giturumbuka za politike
112 Political noncooperation Guhagarika imigenderanire ya politique
113 Political power Ububasha bwa politike
114 Political space Urubuga rwa poritike
115 Power Ububasha
116 Powerholder Uwufis’ububasha
117 Pragmatic non violence
(see “Nonviolence, pragmatic”)
اUgutinya gukoresha ingimba
118 Pragmatic non violence
(see “Nonviolence, principled”)
Umwanzuro wo kudakoresh’ingimba
119 Protest
(Noun)
Imyiyerekano
120 Protest
(verb)
Kwiyerekana
121 Rally
(noun)
Ikoraniro ry’abantu benshi
122 Repress Guhasha
123 Repression Uguhasha
124 Resilience Ugutimba
125 Revolution
(social, political, or economic)
Ukwiganzura
126 Sanctions Ibihano
127 Self-determination Kwishira no kwizana
128 Self-organize
(verb)
Kwiyungunganya
129 Self-organization Ukwiyungunganya
130 Self-reliance Ukwibako
131 Self-rule Ukwitwara
132 Semi-authoritarian rule Intwaro y’umukazo ugereranye
133 Sit-in Kugandagaza
134 Skills
(in civil resistance context)
Amayeri
135 Sources of power Inkomoko y’ubushobozi
136 Strategic nonviolent struggle Urugamba (rwo kwirwanirira) ruteguwe neza
137 Strategic plan Integuro ihanitse
138 Strategize Gukenyura
139 Strategy Umukenyuro
140 Strike (noun) Uguhagarika akazi
141 Strike
(associated with civil resistance)
(verb)
Gukenyura
142 Structural conditions
(see also conditions)
Ibihe ingene bimeze
143 Success
(associated with civil resistance)
Ugushika kwihangiro
144 Tactic Ubuhinga
145 Tactical innovation Ubuhinga
146 Tactical sequencing
(or “sequencing of tactics”)
Urukurikirane rw’ubuhinga
147 Tactics of concentration
(see also Concenration, tactics of)
تكتيكات الحشد
148 Tactics of dispersion
(see also Dispersion, tactics of)
Ubuhinga bwo gukorera henshi
149 Third party
(or “third-party”)
Abarorerezi
150 Train Gukarisha ubwenge
151 Training Inyigisho nkarishabwenge
152 Transitional, political Ikiringo mfatakibanza
153 Unarmed Insurrection Imigumuko itarimwo ibirwanisho
154 Unite Kuja hamwe
155 Unity Ubumwe
156 Uprising Imigumuko
157 Violence Ingimba
158 Violent Flank Akagwi gashirimbere ingimba
159 Vision
(of a civil resistance movement)
Ihangiro nyamukuru
160 Walk-out
(or “walkout”)
(noun)
Ukwivana giturumbuka
161 Walk-out
(verb)
Kwivana giturumbuka

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