• Americas
      • Dutch
      • English
      • French
      • Mayan
      • Portuguese (Brazilian)
      • Spanish
    • Central & South Asia
      • Bangla
      • Dari
      • Dhivehi
      • English
      • Farsi
      • Kyrgyz
      See More
    • East Asia & Oceania
      • Indonesian
      • Burmese
      • Chin (Burma)
      • Chinese
      • Portuguese (Continental)
      • English
      See More
    • Europe & Eurasia
      • Armenian
      • Azeri
      • Belarusian
      • Catalan
      • Portuguese (Continental)
      • Croatian
      See More
    • Middle East & North Africa
      • Arabic
      • Azeri
      • Dari
      • English
      • Farsi
      • Hebrew
      See More
    • Sub-Saharan Africa
      • Afaan Oromo
      • Amharic
      • Arabic
      • Portuguese (Continental)
      • English
      • French
      See More
  • Learn More About ICNC's Translations Program

International Center on Nonviolent Conflict

  • About
    • What Is Civil Resistance?
    • Our Work
    • Our Impact
    • Who We Are
    • Jobs & Internships
    • Join Our Mailing List
    • Contact Us
  • Services
    • Online Courses
    • Interactive Workshops
    • Staff Training
    • Coaching
    • Training of Trainers (ToT)
  • Programs
    • Column 2
      • Minds of The Movement Blog
      • ICNC Publications
      • Nonviolent Conflict News
      • ICNC Online Courses
      • Regional Institutes
      • Sign Up
      • ICNC Webinars
      • For Activists & Organizers
      • For Scholars & Students
      • For Policy Community
  • Resource Library
    • English Language Resources
    • Translated Resources
    • ICNC Films
  • Media & Blog
    • For Journalists and Press
    • ICNC Newsmakers
    • Minds of the Movement Blog
  • Translations
    • Afran Oromo
    • Amharic
    • Arabic
    • Armenian
    • Azeri
    • Bahasa Indonesia
    • Bangla
    • Belarusian
    • Burmese
    • Chin (Burma)
    • Chinese
    • Croatian
    • Dutch
    • Estonian
    • Farsi
    • French
    • Georgian
    • German
    • Hebrew
    • Hindi
    • Italian
    • Japanese
    • Jing-Paw (Burma)
    • Karen (Burma)
    • Khmer
    • Kiswahili
    • Kituba
    • Korean
    • Latvian
    • Lingala
    • Lithuanian
    • Macedonian
    • Malagasy
    • Mayan
    • Mon (Burma)
    • Mongolian
    • Nepali
    • Norwegian
    • Pashto
    • Polish
    • Portuguese (Brazilian)
    • Portuguese (Continental)
    • Russian
    • Serbian
    • Sindh
    • Slovak
    • Spanish
    • Tagalog
    • Tamil
    • Thai
    • Tibetan
    • Tigrigna
    • Turkish
    • Ukrainian
    • Urdu
    • Uzbek
    • Vietnamese
    • Xhosa
    • Learn More About ICNC's Translations Program
  • Search
    • Search This Site

From China to Poland, Lessons From June 4, 1989

From China to Poland, Lessons From June 4, 1989
Read the Article

From China to Poland, Lessons From June 4, 1989

On June 4, Poles celebrate the 25th anniversary of the first free elections since the end of World War II. In 1989, the Polish język polski Solidarity opposition won a landslide, capturing all but one contested seats in both the upper and lower houses of the parliament. This victory led to the appointment of the first non-communist prime minister and a unity government where former political dissidents sat together with their former oppressors. In this powersharing pact the government moved forward to dismantle the Polish język polski communist system and initiate a peaceful democratic transition well before the Berlin Wall came tumbling down and the Soviet Union collapsed.

Maciej Bartkowski

Originally published on Waging Nonviolence
June 4, 2014

Read the Article

You may also be interested in:

  • Egypt: how to negotiate the transition. Lessons from Poland and China.

    Originally meant as a tool to help guide Egypt’s democratic transition as part of the Arab Spring, this piece compares the Polish Round Table an…

  • Repression’s Paradox in China

    From the authoritarian’s perspective, internal dissidents are easy to deal with – put them in jail, have them disappeared, exiled, or executed. It…

  • A Sea of Dissent: Nonviolent Waves in China

    What were/are the lasting sources of discontent driving the increase in protest in China today? What tactics are Chinese activists employing and how h…

  • Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Post-communist Countries

    From 1998 to 2005, six elections took place in postcommunist Europe and Eurasia that had the surprising outcome of empowering the opposition and defea…

Return to Resource Library homepage

International Center on Nonviolent Conflict

600 New Hampshire Avenue NW
Suite 1010
Washington, D.C. 20037, USA

+1 202-596-8845

Other ICNC Affiliated Websites

  • Nonviolent Conflict News
  • Online Courses Platform
  • CivilResistance.net

Copyright ©2025 International Center on Nonviolent Conflict · All Rights Reserved

Note: Search results are listed in alphabetical order.