In 2014, ICNC launched the Curriculum Fellowship Program to support development of courses on nonviolent conflict and promote teaching in the growing field of civil resistance studies by selecting seven curriculum fellows. In both 2015 and 2016 ICNC accepted six fellows. In 2016, ICNC added a new component to the curriculum support program, online courses that interested fellows taught in 2016 and Spring 2017. The online teaching became an integral part of the initiative and the 2017 cohort of fellows will continue teaching both classroom-based and online courses on civil resistance.

ICNC is excited to continue the Curriculum Fellowship Program by accepting seven fellows for the 2017 cohort. These fellows will be teaching in person courses in Kenya, the United States, and Finland. Online courses will be taught in Hong Kong, Armenia, and Cambodia.

The 2017 Fellows are:

Solomon Onyango
Tyler Dale Hauger
Bunly Soeung
Hasan Habes
Johnson Ching-Yin Yeung 
Lusine Arakelyan
Lilit Makunts

 

Solomon Onyango received his Bachelor in Social Sciences & his Masters in Public Administration and Management from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda. He is currently a lecturer of Political Science at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA) and a PhD candidate with the Social Transformation (Governance and Democracies) Department at Tangaza University College in Nairobi, Kenya. His doctoral dissertation, “Strengthening Accountability through Deliberative Citizen Participation in Sub-National Government” seeks to examine the nexus between deliberative citizen participation and accountability at the sub-national government level in Lamu County, Kenya. Solomon’s teaching and research is anchored in a multi-disciplinary intersection of governance, democratization and decentralization within Africa. He regularly teaches core topical courses on Public Administration, Democracy and Governance, and Social & Public Policy in Africa. Solomon also holds distinguished awards from the South-South Institute and the Democratic Governance Institute of the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa.

Course Title: Theory and Practice of Non-Violent Resistance in East Africa

Location: Institute of Regional Integration and Development (IRID) at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa (CUEA), Nairobi, Kenya (August-December 2017)

Course Abstract: In this course, participants will become familiar with nonviolent resistance, from the era of colonial and post-colonial Africa to the Arab Spring. It will explore facets of nonviolent resistance as a proven social action movement capable of destabilizing colonies, establishing independent states or toppling rogue regimes and recasting the geopolitical landscape in East Africa. It will explore questions surrounding the ethics of nonviolent action, when and where civil resistance is used, the conditions under which it is more or less effective, and its consequences for local communities, state polities and the international system. The course will draw from seminal philosophical texts, historical accounts and cutting-edge social science research. Students will gain an understanding of both the normative and empirical debates surrounding the practice of civil resistance and a familiarity with key cases within and outside the East Africa. The course will cover major topics related to the general field of civil resistance as well as case studies specific to East Africa and Kenya.

Solomon’s course evaluation and learning assessment

Tyler Dale Hauger is a visiting faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, MN, USA in January 2018.  He works full-time as an advisor at Karibu Foundation in Oslo, Norway, an organization that supports civil society movements in Global South that lift up alternatives to the dominant paradigms of power, distribution, and development.   Tyler holds a M.Phil. in Peace and Conflict Studies from the University of Oslo (2011), as well as a B.A. in Political Science and Religion from St. Olaf College (2008).  His interests and research areas include international relations, conflict resolution & reconciliation, economic globalization & trade regimes, social movements, nonviolent action strategies, and ecumenism & interfaith initiatives.   He has previously served with the LWF’s Department for World Service’s Jerusalem office in East Jerusalem, and he currently sits on the board of the Norwegian Social Forum- the Norwegian arm of the World Social Forum.

Course Title: Political Science 231:  Peace and Nonviolent Resistance

Location: St. Olaf College, Minnesota, USA

Course Abstract: The course will explore central theories and perspectives associated with peace, conflict reconciliation, and nonviolent resistance with perspectives from the Nordic countries and around the globe. What lessons can be learned from actors that are struggling nonviolently for individual and collective rights, social and economic justice, and a collective responsibility for coming generations? What key strategies are individuals and groups using in their struggle to create a just community and world? How do groups and individuals approach reconciliation and forgiveness in post-conflict situations? The course will approach these subjects from an academic perspective, that of people’s movements in the field, and through interactive skill trainings that will occur each week. The civil resistance unit of the course will include focus on political power; the strategic nature of civil resistance and peacebuilding, including looking at the pillars of support, broad-based coalition building, and potential allies; how one designs an effective civil resistance campaign that will also ensure a democratic result in the future, beyond just regime change; and issues such as provocateurs, the radical flank / violent effect, as well as topics such as participation and backfire. As a final project, students (in groups) will select one cause which they find personally engaging, and using both class material as well as outside sources, design a strategy for civil resistance and change. Both the theoretical premises and the mechanisms that link the explanatory factors to decisions on power and peace will be discussed in the course.

Tyler’s course evaluation and learning assessment

Bunly Soeung is a full-time lecturer of public administration at Svay Rieng University, Cambodia. He has also worked as a freelance research coordinator for peace research projects. He received his master’s degree in Public Administration with a focus on Public Policy in 2010 from Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. Between 2013 and 2015,  he was a peace research team member for the Alliance for Conflict Transformation.  In 2015, he finished a master program in Higher Education at the University of Hong Kong, focusing on students’ perspective on freedom of critical inquiry in Cambodia. In 2016, he translated a 160-page book entitled “May 18 Gwangju Democratic Uprising” about the May 18th Foundation in South Korea.   His primary research interests are cultural peace-building, non-violent civil resistance in Cambodia, and academic freedom. Recently, his co-authored journal article on “The Revitalisation of Buddhist Peace Activism in Post-War Cambodia” was published in the Conflict, Security & Development Journal, Volume 17. It examines how Cambodian Buddhist monks develop and maintain their normative legitimacy and connection with civilian followers by focusing on their approaches to four types of resources: religious authority, cultural knowledge, social networks, and new communication technology.

Course Title: An Introduction to Civil Resistance and Nonviolent Movements

Location: ICNC Online Platform

Course Abstract: This 5-week online course is designed to take participants through a guided progression of ideas, topics, and themes in the field of civil resistance and nonviolent movements. In particular, it examines the foundation of civil resistance, deconstructing misconceptions and structural determinism, strategy and tactics of nonviolent struggle, backfire and depression, gender dynamics, and civil resistance and corporate governance in the extractive industries in both theory and practice. The participants will be introduced to case studies of Cambodian nonviolent movements and will look at common misconceptions about civil resistance including its neglect in history and previous civil movements in Cambodia, such as the Buddhist nationalist movement under the French colonialism, Maha Ghosananda’s Dhammayietra and others. The aim of this course is not only to educate students about civil resistance and nonviolent movements that has never been introduced to any academic curriculum, but also to inspire students to see how powerful the nonviolent movements are.

Bunly’s course evaluation and learning assessment.

Hasan Habes is an educator, activist and researcher. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate and a lecturer in Peace, Mediation and Conflict Research Program at Åbo Akademi University in Vaasa, Finland and holds a Master’s degree from the same university. He specializes in nonviolent discipline and his research examines how to transform the radical flanks’ violent behaviors to nonviolent ones in Turkey. In addition, he has a MA degree in international relations concentrating on “the impact of education in conflict resolution in Cyprus” from Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus.

He was actively involved in the Gezi resistance in Turkey in 2014 and his master’s dissertation focused on the identification and elimination of the radical flanks during a nonviolent action. In it, he proposed policy recommendations to the organizers and practitioners how to keep the nonviolent discipline during nonviolent action campaigns.

Course Title: Civil Resistance

Location: Peace, Mediation & Conflict Research Program at Åbo Akademi University in Vaasa, Finland

Course Abstract: The aim of the course is to introduce the main concepts and ideas of civil resistance and discuss various historical and contemporary cases of nonviolent campaigns and movements. The students will explore some of the common misconceptions about nonviolent struggles as well as strategies and tactics. In this way the students will learn to distinguish strategy from tactics and they will be able to relate these in the context of civil resistance. Also, students will discover how the external actors play a significant role to facilitate and support these movements. By the end of the course, the students will be able to analyze the core elements of civil resistance movements and reflect on the effectiveness of these movements and their underlying political power. The students will be able to have a better understanding of the impact of violent flanks on the nonviolent action campaigns and the importance of the nonviolent discipline. Also, the students will learn and understand about different ways that movements can fail, the causes as well as the possible alternative strategies to prevent these failures. The course will provide an interactive and structured classroom based learning environment with the activating methods techniques. So the students can become more informed observers of nonviolent conflicts and effective conveyors of civil resistance knowledge.

Hasan’s course evaluation and learning assessment

Johnson Ching-Yin Yeung is a young human right activist in Hong Kong and former Hurford Youth Fellow at the National Endowment for Democracy. He graduated with a Master of Laws in Human Rights from the University of Hong Kong. He was the spokesman of Civil Human Rights Front, a Hong Kong civil rights alliance, and was Deputy Secretary of The Federation of Students, the leading group of the 2014 Umbrella Movement.

Course Title: Strategic Civil Resistance Movements for Democracy and Self-Determination: Lessons for Asian Organizers

Location: ICNC Online Platform

Course Abstract: Democracy and civil liberties have faced great challenges since the third wave of democratization in Asia. Faced with improved repressive tactics used by authoritarian government against dissents and activists, this course aims at equipping activists with adequate knowledge on nonviolent civil resistances, such as the basic concept of nonviolent civil resistances, mobilization skills, power structure analysis, and strategic planning. The course is also aimed at the obstacles and challenges of civil resistance movement in theoretical framework, such as backfire theory, radical flank and military suppression. Developed by an organizer of the 2014 Umbrella Movement, this curriculum is tailored for young Asian activists who have experiences of organizing and mobilizing. Additional cases studies in Asia will be explored in order to fit the target audiences. This course is formulated in an interactive manner, students are encouraged to play stimulation games, participate into breakout discussion group, slack discussion and group learning circles. .

Lusine Arakelyan is a founding member of  the NGO Civil Consciousness. Currently she is also their Coordinator of Educational Affairs. Her bachelor’s degree is in Linguistics and Communication,with a specialization in Political Science. In 2015 she graduated from the Center for European Studies at Yerevan State University, where she was awarded the Master’s Degree of European Studies. As part of the Master’s program, she also studied at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. In 2012, she participated in the Brusov Student Movement, which was the first large-scale students’ movement organized in Armenia. Nonviolent action was the key element of success. After the foundation of Civil Consciousness, she has spent the last five years coordinating more than 100 non-formal education projects.

Lilit Makunts is currently an Associate Professor at the Russian-Armenian University in Yerevan. She earned her Ph.D. in Cognitive Linguistics specializing in Political Discourse. She teaches Sociolinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Discourse Analysis, and History of Nonviolent Resistance. After attending the Fletcher Summer Institute for the Advanced Study of Nonviolent Conflict in 2015, she initiated an academic course on Civil Resistance in the Department of Political Science in the fall of 2016. After about 8 years as a political board member in the Liberal Party of Armenia and the head of the youth organization (2004-2012) she realized that, without civic education and the acknowledgment of people power movements among society, no substantial democratic changes can take place.  Along with academic teaching, she works as a trainer on different civil society platforms.

Course Title: Nonviolent Struggle: Why and How It Works

Location: ICNC Online Platform

Course Abstract:  This is an online seminar that aims at providing civil society representatives, political activists, trainers of non-formal education and students seeking knowledge of nonviolent strategies in civil resistance. Within the framework of the seminar, the concept of nonviolent civil resistance, its most successful practices around the world, and the reasons of why and how it works will be thoroughly introduced. The course will begin with the introduction of civil resistance, its historical background and will dwell upon the common misconceptions. It will discuss the mechanisms of movement mobilization and formation as well as the factors of its sustainability. It will further discuss strategic frameworks for analyzing campaigns and movements as well as will explore issues of innovative and creative tactical choice. The importance of a well planned civil resistance will also be touched upon together with the long-lasting impact of civil resistance and its costs. The cases of various civil resistance movements in the Post-Soviet region and the main factors of instigation will also be discussed. It will focus on what can be done to make those efforts of civil resistance more strategic and effective.

Lilit & Lusine’s course evaluation and learning assessment.

Regina Feldman, an ICNC High School Curriculum Fellow, developed, offered and moderated a course on the introduction to civil resistance in 2016 as part of the ICNC High School Curriculum Fellowship. As the results from course evaluations show, students found the course to be extremely beneficial and valuable for their education.

The information featured below was submitted as part of the fellowship requirement that, among others, included creating a detailed course proposal, developing curriculum content, designing evaluation tools, selecting participants and extensive moderation throughout the course.

Learn more by clicking on the topic links:

About the Curriculum Fellow
Course Abstract
Learning Gains Survey Results

Regina Feldman currently teaches IB Twentieth Century World History and Theory of Knowledge at the Montessori High School at University Circle in Cleveland, Ohio. She taught the previous year at the Affiliated High School of Peking University in Beijing, China. Regina Feldman holds a Master of Philosophy in Ethnology, Human Biology and Communication Theory from the University of Vienna, Austria, a Master of Arts in Medical Anthropology and a Ph.D. in Cultural Anthropology from Case Western Reserve University, which were both earned as a Fulbright Scholar. She also earned a Montessori Certificate in Adolescent Studies and is IB-trained in History, Theory of Knowledge, and Extended Essay. In addition to teaching humanities at MHS, Regina Feldman functions as a Montessori Advisor and Curriculum Trainer and has helped build MHS as a Curriculum Developer, Coordinator, and Documenter since the school’s inception in 2008. She is an avid traveller, yoga practitioner, runner, and cook.

Course Title: Rights and Protests: The American Civil Rights Movement and South Africa

High School: Montessori High School at University Circle, Ohio

Abstract: This course explores struggles for rights and freedoms through two case studies, the study of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States between 1954 and the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1965 and the study of protests against Apartheid in South Africa, beginning with the election of the National Party in 1948 and ending with first democratic general elections in 1994. Students explore the nature of discrimination, methods of nonviolent resistance and the importance of leadership and organizations or parties in civil society. This course is driven by inquiry: every week, students spend time in “Archive”, using a variety of sources – written, digital, visual –to respond to a weekly Guiding Question and build timelines to trace the evolution of rights and protests in both countries. Work in the Archive will be supported by key lessons, Socratic seminars, academic debate, documentaries, and playing of the strategic game People Power. IB-style research papers, annotated bibliographies, and critical memos, class, seminar, and debate preparation and participation are formatively and cumulatively assessed. The course closes with a Colloquium on the Big Guiding Question about the effectiveness of nonviolent resistance actions for long-term positive societal change.

Learning Gains Survey (LGS) Results:
The LGS aims to measure knowledge gains among course participants. Participants take the Pre-Course Survey at the beginning of the course and take an identical survey (Post-Course) at the end of the course. Included below are the graphed responses to the questions from the Pre-Course and Post-Course Survey showing the percentage that chose the correct answer and the percentage that chose the incorrect answer.

Learning Gains Survey Results Explained:

As you can see in the graph above, the majority of students reported having low levels of familiarity with various civil resistance struggles and tactics when completing the Pre-Course LGS at the start of the course. The average pre-score was 6.3%. However, by the time students completed the Post-Course LGS, at the end of the course, they reported much higher levels of familiarity with general civil resistance knowledge. At the end of the course the average score was 7.8%. The largest knowledge gains were in questions 1, 2, 5, and 6.

Learning Gains Survey Answer Key:

The following questions were graded on a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 indicating little to no knowledge and 10 indicating a lot of knowledge.

Learning Gains Survey Questions:

1. On a scale of 1-10, please circle the number that best represents your current knowledge of civil resistance or nonviolent movements.

2. On a scale of 1-10, identify your comfort level in speaking to others about civil resistance or nonviolent movements.

3. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view that revolutions against brutal regimes can succeed ONLY if revolutionaries retain the option to use violent means.

4. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view that protests, marches, and demonstrations are the ONLY civil resistance methods.

5. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view on how successful you think civil resistance campaigns against repressive states have been in the past.

6. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view that movements that face repression must fail.

7. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view that in order to be successful nonviolent movements must receive support from external actors, have access to the Internet, or face a regime that is weak and divided.

8. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view about how important you think strategic planning is in a successful civil resistance movement.

9. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view about how important you think participation is in a successful civil resistance movement.

10. On a scale of 1-10, select the number that best represents your view about how important you think nonviolent discipline is in a successful civil resistance movement.

Blog Objectives

• Highlight cutting-edge developments in the field of civil resistance;
• Disseminate new research, ideas and resources related to the study and practice of civil resistance, and explore their implications;
• Offer readers practical knowledge to help them study, teach, practice, produce media coverage of, and/or engage in policy discussions related to civil resistance;
• Identify areas of complementarity between civil resistance and other disciplines, as well as areas for debate—then serve as a platform for this debate;
• Provide commentary and analysis about international news from a civil resistance perspective, and about how civil resistance shapes broader global trends (though it will not be a news blog per se);
• Tie civil resistance into ongoing policy conversations and to the work of (I)NGOs;
• Bring attention to successful nonviolent struggles, particularly lesser-known ones;
• Convey knowledge and experience of activists and scholars who are active in the field;
• Reinvigorate archives which have new-found relevance and get them into circulation.

Target Audiences

The primary audiences are activists, organizers, and scholars worldwide. The policy community, members of INGOs and journalists are also important audiences.

Content Criteria

Blog posts should be up to 700 words (about two pages, 12 point font, double-spaced). Content should be focused on people’s capacity for nonviolently organizing and holding power accountable. Because blog posts are short, they should focus on, for example, one experience and lessons learned from participation in a movement, as opposed say, an exhaustive recounting of a conflict or issue. Content should be instructive and have direct relevance for one or more of the target audiences described above.

When focusing on a particular movement or case study, blog posts should focus on facts, analysis, and/or lessons learned. We do not publish pieces that are driven mostly by advocacy and political opinions. There are lots of places online that publish advocacy and opinions—what distinguishes us is our first-rate analysis and strategic examination of civil resistance.

Also, please remember that it is not necessary to give full historic background of the conflict you’re writing about (if applicable). Instead, your blog post should focus on an experience, a moment or an idea. What makes the blog post unique content is its focus on nonviolent action and nonviolent movements, so those are the elements that we want to emphasize.

Guidance on Linking

Anchor linking phrases is widely accepted as an effective practice for online media. The purpose of linking is to provide further reading; to bring the reader to a primary source of a quote or other information; to link up with other sources and ongoing news or events; to lighten up a post by allowing the author to avoid going into detail; to help substantiate a claim; and many other purposes. We would encourage bloggers to consider the following points:

• All facts and events that are not commonly known, as well as opinions, should be properly cited with a link to a reputable source. If you do not have a link, you can include an endnote.
• When linking, please bear in mind that the blog is not designed to enable excessive self-promotion or to promote commercial products.
• Link to English-language sites whenever possible. If a link is to a non-English site, please state so in brackets.

Style and Formatting Recommendations

In terms of substance, blog posts should aim to:

• Be mindful of any confidential details such as activists’ names or upcoming direct actions of an ongoing struggle that may compromise security. When in doubt, consult with the source.
• Be dynamic, when possible incorporating media and multimedia. (Note: All image and other multimedia sources should be cited and permission documented in your 1st draft.)

In terms of writing style, blog posts should:

• Have a conversational, modern feel. Explain briefly any academic, organizational or wonky jargon if used.
• Lead with the ‘punchline’ and relevance of the topic to the reader, with the technical details following (and plenty of links to further resources for those who are interested).
• Use stimulating and descriptive language to rein readers in from the first paragraph — without being sensational or ‘shouting’ at readers.
• Be accessible to non-specialists. Not all readers will be specialists, but most will have had some formal or informal education and/or experience on the topic of civil resistance. There may be some exceptions to writing accessibly when focusing on certain specialized academic research.
• Be written in US or UK English (both are accepted).
• Avoid excessively complex or long sentences and paragraphs.

In terms of format, blog posts should:

• Be up to 700 words long. Some exceptions can be made for long-form content.
• The first paragraph should contain similar key words as the title.
• Aim to have a punchy title of four to eight words in length, which includes key words, such as geographic setting and the aspect of civil resistance movement explored.
• Avoid excessive bullet point use.

Submission and Review Process

Although submission/review processes may vary, bloggers may generally expect the following:

• Blogger submits a topic via email to the editor for review. Turnaround for review will be around 1 to 3 working days, depending on the projected publication date of the post.
• Upon approval, blogger submits a full first draft of the post via email to the editor for review by agreed-upon deadline. Turnaround for review will take around 1 to 8 days, depending on the projected publication date.
• Please see below (“Other Items to Submit”) for a list of all items required at time of first draft submission. Please note that incomplete submissions may incur unforeseen delays in the publishing timeline.

Contact: editor [at] nonviolent-conflict.org

Permissions

All blog posts are published under the Creative Commons license “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). This means that readers will be able to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, in whole or in part, giving appropriate credit, and for noncommercial purposes only. If the material is remixed, transformed or built upon, readers may not distribute the modified material. If you have any questions or concerns, see the Creative Commons license here or please contact the editor.

If you or your organization wishes to republish our content on a regular basis, we want to hear from you! Please contact the editor.

Other Items to Submit

For your first draft submission to be considered complete, please also submit (or ensure that we have on file):

• A biography of up to 100 words (a headshot photo is optional but highly encouraged).
• A feature image, and its source, for your blog post (high resolution only, image use permission is required; we encourage sharing your own photography if applicable).
• Any multimedia (optional) such as videos should be submitted via Dropbox. Email the editor for further information.

Late Submissions Policy

Any late submissions are subject to later publication at the editor’s discretion.

 

Ahmadullah Archiwal, an ICNC High School Curriculum Fellow, developed, offered and moderated a course on the introduction to civil resistance in 2016 as part of the ICNC High School Curriculum Fellowship. As the results from course evaluations show, students found the course to be extremely beneficial and valuable for their education.

The information featured below was submitted as part of the fellowship requirement that, among others, included creating a detailed course proposal, developing curriculum content, designing evaluation tools, selecting participants and extensive moderation throughout the course.

Learn more by clicking on the topic links:

About the Curriculum Fellow
Course Abstract
Learning Gains Survey Results

Ahmadullah Archiwal has two Masters (the first in Journalism from the University of Peshawar in Pakistan and the second in International Affairs from the New School University in New York). He has been leading a small organization, OSCAR, which has been the flagship of nonviolent civic mobilization in Afghanistan for the last five years. They are the only organization teaching nonviolence in Afghanistan and have done pioneering work such as generating important contextual materials on the topic, including translating relevant books from English into local languages, writing a book on nonviolence, and conducting relevant workshops in different parts of the country.

Course Title: Civic Education

High School: Umara Khan High School, Afghanistan

Abstract: This course aims to equip the students with a basic understanding of nonviolent civic mobilization, in addition to culturally specific tactics of nonviolent resistance. We will begin by discussing the history of nonviolent resistance, examining its effectiveness and the common misconceptions surrounding it. The course will then move to focus on forms of nonviolent resistance that have roots in Afghan culture. We will be reinforcing the idea that nonviolent civic mobilization has historically been used by Pashtuns and others living in the region. Our discussions will range in topic from Abdul Ghafar Khan to Pashtun Nationalism to contemporary civil resistance struggles in the Islamic world and beyond. We will examine the idea that nonviolent resistance is applicable not only in democratic societies, but in societies of all political makeups. The overall goal of the course is to reduce the group’s vulnerability to joining insurgency by educating them in nonviolent civic mobilization.

Learning Gains Survey (LGS) Results:
The LGS aims to measure knowledge gains among course participants. Participants take the Pre-Course Survey at the beginning of the course and take an identical survey (Post-Course) at the end of the course. Included below are the graphed responses to the questions from the Pre-Course and Post-Course Survey showing the percentage that chose the correct answer and the percentage that chose the incorrect answer. 

Learning Gains Survey Results Explained:

As you can see in the graph above, the majority of students reported having low levels of familiarity with various civil resistance struggles and tactics when completing the Pre-Course LGS at the start of the course. The average pre-score was 42%. However, by the time students completed the Post-Course LGS, at the end of the course, they reported much higher levels of familiarity with each struggle listed and general civil resistance knowledge. At the end of the course the average score was 71%, which was a 29% increase.

Learning Gains Survey Answer Key:

The following questions were graded using “correct” or “incorrect” answers.

Learning Gains Survey Questions:

1.       Nonviolent civic mobilization is about pacifying the target group

2.       Nonviolent civic mobilization takes place without taking into consideration the political and social condition in a society

3.       Nonviolent civic mobilization campaigns are more effective than violent campaigns

4.       Nonviolent civic mobilization campaigns are waged only for political motives

5.       A charismatic leader is a must have for the success of a nonviolent campaign

6.       Conflict is inevitable in human life

7.       It’s only the rulers who have power in a society

8.       The impact of violent campaigns is durable and long lasting

9.       All nonviolent civic mobilization movements take place spontaneously

10.     Marches and protests are the most effective means for nonviolent campaigns

 

Go back to the main ICNC High School Curriculum Fellowship page.